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LawBeat watches the journalists who watch the law. It is meant to start a conversation — here and in the classroom — about the quality of journalism focusing on the justice system, lawyers and the law. All posts are by Mark Obbie unless otherwise noted. Go to this archive to read more about LawBeat's focus and to this page about what motivated its creation, and how it evolved. Go here for the 10 Deadliest Sins of Legal Reporting post. And go here for blanket disclosure of Obbie's conflicts of interest.
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U.S. attorney analysis, in soft focus
The Washington Post
Sun, April 01, 2007
Amy Goldstein and Dan Eggen break news in the U.S. attorney scandal with this front-pager. It lays claim to the Post's own analysis answering a question that's come up in Congress: If the firings of U.S. attorneys were extraordinarily political, then what about recent hirings? But that answer is hardly a model of transparency and clarity.

The lede grabbed me, promising something new in this heavily covered saga:

About one-third of the nearly four dozen U.S. attorney's jobs that have changed hands since President Bush began his second term have been filled by the White House and the Justice Department with trusted administration insiders.

So it starts out vague -- a portion of the whole where "about" is on one side of the equation and "nearly" is on the other -- and never really firms up those numbers. If we assume we're talking about 15 appointees -- give or take -- then the 10 we're told were senior aides to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales leaves five (give or take!) who were some other kind of "trusted administration insiders," but that's never defined further that this:

Several came from the White House or other government agencies. Some lacked experience as prosecutors or had no connection to the districts in which they were sent to work, the records and biographical information show.

Did those "several" and "some" groups include the 10 from Gonzales' inner circle? Maybe, maybe not! All we get after this are anecdotes, and "experts" claiming that this proportion of insider appointments exceeds those of recent administrations (but without details to back that up).

The anecdotes, and even the fuzzy numbers, might add up to news -- if we want to trust Goldstein, Eggen and the Post not to have hyped the findings to arrive at a predetermined conclusion. I do come to the story with that attitude: I am willing to be shown this is true. I dare say not everyone is quite so charitable. So it's too bad the story's substance is in the shadows.
Posted at 06:51 AM
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Scapegoat or anecdote?
The News & Observer
Tue, April 03, 2007
Did the Raleigh newspaper mistreat a lawyer when it questioned how much he was paid as a court-appointed guardian for people who could not handle their own financial affairs? That’s the complaint that Ted Vaden, the N&O's public editor (aka ombudsman), tackled in this column (found via Romenesko). Vaden sides with Thomas Goldsmith, a reporter on the paper’s generations beat (aka aging). I agree with Vaden’s verdict — and with one critical suggestion that would have made the story better — but Vaden and Goldsmith missed one angle that cries out for examination.

The story that drew flak from the legal community ran on the front page of the Sunday, March 25, paper. Goldsmith spent months reporting and examining public records to conclude that Wake County courts paid one Raleigh lawyer serving as a guardian, Robert Monroe, nearly $3.4 million since 1991 — an average of more than $300,000 annually, paid from the bank accounts of the people he’s appointed to protect. Monroe routinely billed the maximum, and the courts paid it, contrary to the practice in nearby counties, Goldsmith wrote. The story portrays the system as potentially flawed, but does not accuse Monroe of illegal or unethical conduct. Monroe gets his say in the story. Monroe’s friends, however, complained to the N&O that Monroe was made a scapegoat, painted in a negative light unfairly.

Vaden disagrees, writing:

Monroe may be an outstanding person privately and an upstanding community citizen. But the fact is, he is a poster child for what's wrong with the legal guardianship problem. A story examining the issue in Wake County could not have been done without focusing on Monroe's success in earning a handsome living from a flawed system -- even though, as the story pointed out, he operated within the system.

That all makes sense to me, as does Vaden’s suggestion that the story could have given more detail on the work Monroe and his staff performed to earn the fees. But what’s lacking — and what opens the story to scapegoating claims — is a lack of perspective. Goldsmith never tells readers whether Monroe is the top recipient of guardian fees. He mentions briefly that other lawyers take appointments, so evidently Monroe is not the exclusive appointee. It’s reasonable to assume that Goldsmith singled out Monroe because Monroe is the leader, so why not spell that out and compare his fees to others’?

Poor Goldsmith. He has critics carping from all sides. The core of his report looks solid, and it’s the sort of valuable public affairs reporting that isn’t done nearly enough. Lawyers earn court-appointed fees for all sorts of work, and it’s the responsibility of government and courts reporters to police those systems — as they have been known to spin wildly out of control. When you take on those systems, you just have to be ready for the flak.
Posted at 09:04 AM
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Court Kremlinology
The New York Times
Tue, April 03, 2007
Linda Greenhouse’s two stories today on Supreme Court decisions share a common theme: how Justice John Paul Stevens may be voting and reasoning in a way calculated to tip cases his way with the help of Anthony Kennedy’s swing vote.

Greenhouse’s greenhouse-gas story — the lead of A1, on the Supreme Court's ruling on regulation of auto emissions — notes that the decision hinges on interpretation of the Clean Air Act, but only if the plaintiffs have “standing” to sue the EPA in the first place. The dissenters balked on the standing question. Greenhouse places the majority decision, by Justice John Paul Stevens, in the context of evolving standards on standing. Then she adds this tidbit:

. . . Justice Stevens said Massachusetts was due special deference in its claim to standing because of its status as a sovereign state. This new twist on the court’s standing doctrine may have been an essential tactic in winning the vote of Justice [Anthony] Kennedy, a leader in the court’s federalism revolution of recent years. Justice Stevens, a dissenter from the court’s states’ rights rulings and a master of court strategy, in effect managed to use federalism as a sword rather than a shield.

Greenhouse is saying that Stevens “may” have deliberately wooed Kennedy’s swing vote by throwing him a states-rights bone. But then she drops the tentativeness and says outright that that was the effect of his argument. She’s out on a limb -- unless she got behind-the-scenes guidance from one or more justices, which is unlikely (at least on the day of the decision), but not out of the question.

Then, in her story on the Court's denial of cert in the Guantanamo cases, she does it again. Only three justices voted to hear the cases. Greenhouse notes that “the court offered an unusual degree of transparency, with two separate opinions accompanying the one-sentence order denying the two petitions,” and then dips back into the vote-counting well on why the liberal Stevens voted against granting cert:

Despite the apparent transparency, the real story was probably one that no justice acknowledged: the inability of the court’s four most liberal members, Justices Stevens, Breyer, Souter and Ginsburg, to count on Justice Kennedy’s eventual vote. While four votes are sufficient to grant a case under the court’s rules, five are of course necessary to win it. The liberal justices, or at least their leader, Justice Stevens, may well have decided that refraining at this point was the wiser course, given the risk that the case might come out the “wrong” way, from their point of view, with an affirmation of the appeals court’s decision that would then become a hard and fast Supreme Court precedent.

This is what counts for fun in Supreme Court circles, but I’m all for it if the writer makes clear whether she’s speculating. Greenhouse more or less passed the test twice today.

Update: Tony Mauro goes into more detail about the wooing of Kennedy here.
Posted at 10:10 AM
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Anna Nicole, the morning after
Slate
Thu, April 05, 2007
Jack Shafer wants me to feel guilty (well, not me in particular, but I feel these things intensely) for trying to make Anna Nicole Smith obsessives feel guilty for their obsession, which I have briefly lampooned here and here and here and here. Hmm, I didn't realize I'd posted so many times on the case. I guess I got a little obsessed over how obsessed others were with it. So along comes Shafer to say that we learned about civil procedure and police investigations and custody. Yes, it was a veritable trusts and estates CLE festival. But I don't buy it. Newscasters and bloggers blabbed and viewers and readers watched because she was a rich woman with abnormally large boobs who died a predictably weird death, attended by a greedfest. The aftermath doesn't give me quite the same learned afterglow as Shafer got.
Posted at 06:39 AM
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Ready for his close-up
The New York Times
Fri, April 06, 2007
One of the first lessons we learn as journalists is that one-source stories are bad. If you're going to profile someone, talk to lots of people, friends and foes alike. Even so, I've long been a fan of the Times' "Public LIves" standing feature: typically a one-source -- or at least one-quoted-source -- profile of someone in the news. This time around, Robin Finn profiles James Culleton, who's defending one of the New York City cops charged in the shooting death of bachelor-partier Sean Bell. It's a case that has New Yorkers worked up once again about alleged police brutality. And Culleton, a veteran of many high-profile criminal cases, is worked up about the heavy pretrial publicity.

At the "Public Lives" standard length of 900 words, the story serves an informative, balanced purpose despite its singular focus on Culleton's point of view. How could that be? First, it's clear that Finn has done her homework. The story is backgrounded with research into the Bell case and Culleton's past exploits. Others' perspectives aren't quoted explicitly, but they're in the story nonetheless. What's more, the point of this story is that law enforcement and activists have dominated the coverage of this case. Culleton is using his 900-word platform to try to balance the contest. Even without that element -- and of course most "Public Lives" profiles lack that justification -- there's nothing inherently wrong with examining one personal slice of a heavily covered story. One newsmaker gets his say, and is described expertly by a writer with a keen eye. So long as readers approach a story with the proper expectation of what they will -- and won't -- get from such a story, it serves a healthy purpose. Plus, it's always a good read.
Posted at 08:05 AM
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Prying open the Nowak case
Orlando Sentinel
Sat, April 07, 2007
The judge in the strange case of former NASA astronaut Lisa Nowak has backed down from his vow to force a limit on pretrial publicity after an unusual confrontation with a reporter covering the case. The Orlando Sentinel's Pedro Ruz Gutierrez, Sarah Lundy and Jim Leusner tell the story here of Orange Circuit Court Judge Marc Lubet's on-again, off-again clampdown on public access to documents in the Nowak prosecution. Lubet didn't label his move a gag order, but he leaned on lawyers in the case to limit their remarks to reporters while ordering prosecutors not to release documents in the case, a possible violation of the state's open records law. Then came a call from a Sentinel reporter. The paper describes the conversation:

Speaking on Thursday evening to the Sentinel, Lubet insisted he was not muzzling the parties when he asked them to stop communicating with the media. He acknowledged there was no motion before him to restrict the release of evidence to the media by prosecutors and that he did it "on the court's motion to see where we are on all the pre-trial publicity." And he vehemently denied he was acting more like a defense attorney than a judge from the bench, saying his concerns and directives were aimed at "both sides." "My sole intent is not to restrict freedom of the press but only to ensure Ms. Nowak and the state get a fair trial in the case," Lubet said. "My undergraduate degree is in journalism, and I totally respect the freedom of the press."

Lubet then issued a written order. "I further considered my position and decided that everything should be released except the psychological reports," Lubet said. "The state can send out whatever they want."

Who needs lawyers to rush to court to protect newsgathering when a reporter's questions can do the trick? The only misstep the Sentinel seems to have made is in the lead paragraph of its "Sentinel Exclusive," which takes a swipe at the judge based on his brief time on the bench: "Call it a rookie mistake by a rookie judge." Not nice! And not the best way to get future calls returned by the judge.
Posted at 07:30 AM
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Statute of unlimitations
The New York Times
Sun, April 08, 2007
Scott Turow, the novelist and practicing lawyer in Chicago, does in an op-ed piece what any enterprising legal reporter might do: spot a trend in the making. And he even uses an anecdotal lede. Turow writes that DNA evidence is solving older "cold cases" all the time, to the point that pressure is bound to build to abolish statutes of limitations on all sorts of crimes lesser than murder. He recognizes the public response is likely to be "so what?" And he proceeds, in lucid prose, to explain why that might not be such a good idea. Turow blends his opinion and expert commentary with just enough facts that I'd slap a "news analysis" bug on this baby and run it on A1. (PS to Turow: I hereby license one-time North American rights of this post's title for your next novel, for only a modest cut of your royalties. Have your people call mine!)
Posted at 10:26 AM
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Jenkens' epitaph, in increments
Texas Lawyer
Mon, April 09, 2007
When Dallas' Jenkens & Gilchrist died recently in a blaze of glory -- well, actually, a cloud of shame -- over its role in selling bogus tax shelters, I critiqued The New York Times and Wall Street Journal coverage for their financial savvy in figuring out who really paid an $81.55 million class-action settlement with former clients two years ago and a $76 million settlement struck last month with the IRS. The Journal at least attempted to show readers how the money might have been paid, but it was left to speculate. On April 1, the Dallas Morning News' Katie Fairbank and Terry Maxon reported that Jenkens coughed up $5.25 million of the $81.55 million settlement of the class-action settlement two years ago (insurers and co-defendants paid the rest). But no word on who's left holding the bag for the IRS.

Now Texas Lawyer's Brenda Sapino Jeffreys gets us closer to the answer when she reports that as Jenkens bled partners, it decided in late 2004 that all future defectors would leave behind their capital accounts at the firm. Once the bills are paid, the former partners will collect what, if anything, is left of their money. For many that means they are losing hundreds of thousands of dollars -- which only makes sense, as they were the owners of the firm. But the answer still isn't all known. Jeffreys quotes the firm's liquidator as dancing around the subject of whether the firm, and only the firm, is responsible for paying the government tab.
Posted at 05:46 AM
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The defense tactic that dare not speak its name
The New York Times
Mon, April 09, 2007
Adam Liptak, in his Sidebar column (TimesSelect subscription required), questions whether the Child Protection and Safety Act makes child-porn prosecutions an unfair fight. Defendants around the country are attacking the law’s requirement that all evidence in such cases — computer hard drives, for example — be kept under federal lock and key. Defense lawyers can look at it only by going to a government building. What’s at stake? Liptak puts it plainly, with a touch of diplomacy:

Child pornography is, of course, unspeakably disturbing and repulsive. But if the stakes in combating it are to include three-digit prison sentences, there is reason to be skeptical about laws that revise the usual procedures and presumptions. Indeed, one way society can show that it is deadly serious about a crime is to allow those accused of it the best defense possible.

One judge recently flirted with overturning the law. Conflicting rulings are likely to pop up all over, reports Liptak. It’s inherently tough for defense lawyers and journalists alike to question whether such defendants’ rights are being violated. No one is happy volunteering to stick up for child porn purveyors or consumers. But Liptak and the lawyers and judge he writes about at least are wondering how far we can go in the enforcement of this law.
Posted at 07:58 AM
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Holes in NoLa police shooting case?
National Public Radio
Tue, April 10, 2007
NPR's John Burnett has aggressively covered the story of seven New Orleans police officers who shot and killed two young men in the chaotic aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Now he reports on two potential legal flaws in the DA's murder prosecution: overcharging the cops with murder instead of lesser homicide charges, and charging cops who were granted immunity to testify. Burnett's explanation of the legal arguments are not lavish but at least he's spotlighting a controversy over how the law should work.
Posted at 07:59 AM
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Revisiting the drug war
National Public Radio
Tue, April 10, 2007
Speaking of John Burnett and NPR, he and reporters Juan Forero and Laura Sullivan produced this remarkable series of reports assessing the decades-long crackdown on illegal drugs and questioning what new strategies might do more good. Ambitious and thorough, the five-part series -- edited by Alisa Barba and produced by Marisa Penaloza -- looks at eradication, interdiction, addiction, prisons, federal spending and the human toll the so-called war on drugs has taken without reducing, much less eliminating, the problem. I only wish it focused more on the legalization question, and what experts' current thinking is on whether that would help, or make the problem worse.
Posted at 08:08 AM
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The Roberts-Scalia style
USA Today
Tue, April 10, 2007
Joan Biskupic posits a provocative thesis in this front-pager today: that John Roberts and Antonin Scalia share more than seats on the Supreme Court’s right wing. They have, she writes, a shared “fondness of showmanship” and for “rapid, back-and-forth dialogues that recall the routines of Abbott and Costello.” The pairing is news because it’s not one of the usual Thomas-Scalia or Roberts-Alito groupings. Biskupic writes:

Roberts often joins Scalia — for two decades the court's most feisty voice from the right — in pelting lawyers with questions in staccato fashion, delivering well-timed wisecracks and often overshadowing the other seven justices during public oral arguments.

Does Biskupic back that up with evidence and anecdotes? Indeed she does, along with juicy quotes and vivid observations — the sort of stuff you only get if you’re there every day to cover the beat, but condensed into a package that will be palatable to USA Today’s audience and space constraints. That package includes a quotable chart that boils down each justice’s oral-argument persona into one Biskupicious sound bite (most of which are perhaps a bit too diplomatic to be memorable). All in all, it’s a good way to illuminate the beat while waiting for the Court to make some actual news.
Posted at 11:26 AM
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Naming the Duke lacrosse accuser
The News & Observer
Thu, April 12, 2007
Raleigh's News & Observer takes the remarkable step of naming and publishing a photo of the accuser in the Duke lacrosse case, in this story by Samiha Khanna. It's just one of the N&O's stories on yesterday's decision by the North Carolina attorney general, Roy Cooper, to drop all remaining charges against the Duke defendants, declaring them innocent and the district attorney who prosecuted them a "rogue."

Why did the N&O, after 13 months of intense news coverage of this case, decide to repudiate the news custom of never naming women who bring rape charges? Executive Editor Melanie Sill explains on a blog that the paper reached its decision after consulting with numerous experts. Here's her reasoning:

With the decision of the state attorney general's office to drop all charges against Reade Seligmann, Collin Finnerty and David Evans, no charge of rape or sexual assault exists. Mangum's claim has been vehemently denied by the three men indicted in the case and by their teammates, who believe they have been damaged by a false accusation. Attorney General Roy Cooper said his office concluded that the three are innocent. Mangum also has been widely identified on the Internet, including on mainstream sites such as Wikipedia. Because of these circumstances, and in order to more fully report on the case and its aftermath, we decided to publish her name.

Wikipedia and bloggers are now setting standards in this business? That reasoning is too lame to treat seriously. But what about her other, implicit rationale: that women who make demonstrably false rape accusations deserve to lose their anonymity in news stories?

I can imagine a minute percentage of rape cases where the accuser deliberately fabricates a charge to frame innocent defendants, and that plot is proven so conclusively that the tables in fact have turned on who's the victim. That has been proven to many people's satisfaction in this case -- I have no reason to doubt it myself -- but the N&O has not proved it or claimed it was proved to justify unmasking the accuser.

There's a dangerous logic at work here. That logic confuses the role of the journalist with those of law enforcement, the courts, or victims' rights advocates. Investigators and advocates urge anonymity to assist the system in investigating and prosecuting rape cases. That is a worthy goal, but we are not arms of the government or advocates of a cause. Our purpose, instead, is to avoid doing harm to the privacy and reputation of a presumably innocent victim, and to let that victim decide for herself if she wants her identity publicized. We base that policy on rape's special status as a crime burdened with shame and stereotypes. If anonymity depends on an official declaration of guilt or innocence, then it's relatively easy to make the call that Sill made. But we can't go down that road without compromising our independence and outsourcing our judgment to prosecutors and the courts.

Making the rule inviolate is the only way to know we're doing the right thing in the vast majority of cases. The N&O jumped the gun, or at least failed to show that it had satisfied itself that the accuser should be the accused. Now, sadly, many other mainstream news organizations will blindly follow, adopting the juvenile logic that Sill used: We're not the first.

Correction: I misspelled Sill's name in the post initially. It now appears corrected.
Posted at 07:06 AM
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The Duke deluge
Thu, April 12, 2007
How Appealing has these links to today's major-paper stories on the Duke dismissals. The list, quite obviously, will grow. So much has been said for so many months about this case -- and now is to be revived and relived in huge volume -- that I'll be randomly selective in pointing out some insights into journalists' role in all of this (the subject of a seminar that our program produced last September, and now archived as a webcast).

* One of the keenest media critics in the Duke case is K.C. Johnson, professor of history at Brooklyn College and the CUNY Graduate Center, whose Durham-in-Wonderland blog has this collection of media-related posts. Johnson's chief targets have been The New York Times -- namely investigative reporter Duff Wilson (who shares a byline on the Times' lead story today) and sports columnist Selena Roberts. Roberts' most recent column on the case -- pre-dismissal (and available only with a TimesSelect subscription) -- prompted new howls of outrage about her stubborn refusal to adopt the case's now-preferred narrative about false assumptions of guilt. Instead, the unrepentant Roberts urges that the three former students' criminal culpability be treated separately from "the irrefutable culture of misogyny, racial animus and athlete entitlement that went unrestrained that night."

* If that sounds to you like the sort of stereotyping that got us into this mess in the first place, then you'll be a fan of Johnson's, and of his writing partner on a book to be published on this case in the fall, Stuart Taylor, Jr. The Times veteran and former American Lawyer writer is now with National Journal, where he's written a number of savage critiques of campus political correctness and sounded some of the earliest and most heavily documented takedowns of District Attorney Mike Nifong's case and the media's portrayal of it (no links available to National Journal archives). St. Martin's Press will publish the Taylor and Johnson book "Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustices of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case."

* In his current "Opening Argument" column (get there before it is updated), Taylor takes up another case that he says features a false rape charge. It is a story, he says, of "how overreaction to the bad old days when real rape victims were not taken seriously has fostered a politically correct presumption of guilt in many rape cases, leading to wrongful prosecutions of innocent men and, probably, the convictions of some." He continues:

In the now-infamous Duke lacrosse rape fraud, the falsely accused men are white, the lying accuser is black, and racial demagoguery has fueled the prosecution. In other cases, such as that of Lamar Owens, the races have been reversed and suspicions of racially selective prosecution muted. In most, the men and women have been of the same race.

* The Raleigh News & Observer (which I excoriate in the previous post for naming the accuser) will start a five-part series on Saturday, after a report promised for Friday on the accuser's psychological problems. Johnson has praised the N&O's dogged coverage of the case, as distinguished from the pro-accuser bias that Johnson and many others charge the Durham Herald-Sun with.  

I'll keep an eye out for other media-related developments. Meantime, it's hardly original for me to say this -- but it needs saying on a blog devoted to critical thinking about legal reporting -- that the clear lesson from this tragic case for journalists is the same lesson that everyone must learn about jumping to conclusions. No matter what assumptions we made when we first heard of the accusations -- and judged them according to what we "knew" of the accuser and the accused -- we were wrong, because we didn't know the facts. Those assumptions ruin real people's lives and reputations.
Posted at 07:59 AM
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Bless us, readers, for we have sinned
Thu, April 12, 2007
Hey, here's how reporters and editors can do penance for their various sins in covering the Duke affair: Dig up one, good story about a miscarriage of justice. It could be good old-fashioned prosecutorial misconduct (we'll call it getting Nifonged). It could a case that runs off the rails because of baseless assumptions about how rich folk or poor folk, or blacks or whites, or men or women, or members of any other subgroup, are presumed to behave. Take your pick. If everyone takes just one, we could clean up a lot of messes.

And remember the words of former rape defendant Reade Seligmann:

If police officers and a district attorney can systematically railroad us with absolutely no evidence whatsoever, I can’t imagine what they’d do to people who do not have the resources to defend themselves. [Ed. note: I can imagine what they'd do!] So rather than relying on disparaging stereotypes and creating political and racial conflicts, all of us need to take a step back from this case and learn from it. The Duke lacrosse case has shown that our society has lost sight of the most fundamental principle of our legal system: the presumption of innocence.

He's only 21, and not yet a college grad (thanks to this case), but that's pretty wise. Now let's see if reporters remember the lessons and apply them equally, no matter who's the victim.
Posted at 12:58 PM
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Repeat after me: We don't know
Fri, April 13, 2007
We're doing it again: taking shreds of facts and building stories around them. This time the story is that the Duke case accuser is now a proven liar; proven to have tried to frame three innocent men. Here's what I think we actually heard:

The attorney general did not believe her, but did not have enough evidence of criminal intent to charge her with lying. He suggested that she might believe what she's saying, but what she's said is unbelievable -- because it didn't happen, and the men in fact are innocent. That is NOT the same as saying she is clearly a "certified liar," as Howard Kurtz put it in this (unintentionally ironic) condemnation of the media's rush to judgment when the students were originally under suspicion.

As for the decision by some to name her now that the case is dropped, all that Kurtz could muster is that he's "not sure" how he feels about that, but thinks maybe it's "cheesy." As I said yesterday, it's more than cheesy. It's flat-out wrong. But if you want a queasy sensation, rather than cheesy, check out this slime in the New York Post.

Didn't we just learn that we're prone to convicting before the evidence is in? Wasn't the whole lesson that we must not race ahead of known facts? To be more careful when we're condemning people for what we think happened (but really don't know because we're basing our claims on news reports and whatever documents have been released)? I don't know whether this women cooked up the story to get attention or money, was manipulated by others, or is seriously disturbed enough to think something actually happened. Or whether something happened, but it wasn't the something -- the varied somethings -- she claimed. The facts argue against an innocent explanation. Any new allegation that a sex crime occurred in that house that night is inherently unbelievable at this point. But it's time to try out our new resolve to stick to the facts and avoid stating conclusions based on supposition and incomplete evidence.
Posted at 07:20 AM
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False witnesses
The New York Times
Fri, April 13, 2007
Paul von Zielbauer takes an in-depth look at one case that illustrates how skeptical courts are in treating witness recantations -- when a witness takes back what he said. Five witnesses whose eyewitness testimony put Fernando Bermudez in prison in 1992 for a Greenwich Village murder have recanted, claiming police manipulated them into giving false evidence. So far, Bermudez hasn't been able to use that to justify a new trial or a release from prison. And now he faces his last chance. It's a compelling narrative, deeply reported, on an important slice of the wrongful-conviction story.
Posted at 08:10 AM
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Suicide bomber in Gonzales' Green Zone
Legal Times
Fri, April 13, 2007
Tony Mauro's interview with Daniel Metcalfe, a Justice Department veteran since Nixon's first term, is an incendiary warmup for next week's grilling of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales (via WSJ Law Blog). Metcalfe retired in January as director of the Office of Information and Privacy, which he co-founded in 1981 as the office responsible for executive-branch Freedom of Information Act policy. A few morsels from Metcalfe's comments to Mauro, part of Legal Times' coverage of the upcoming hearing on the U.S. attorney firings:

That adds up to more than a dozen attorneys general, including Ed Meese as well as John Mitchell, and I used to think that they had politicized the department more than anyone could or should. But nothing compares to the past two years under Alberto Gonzales.
. . .
[Gonzales' arrival saw] an almost immediate influx of young political aides beginning in the first half of 2005 (e.g., counsels to the AG, associate deputy attorneys general, deputy associate attorneys general, and deputy assistant attorneys general) whose inexperience in the processes of government was surpassed only by their evident disdain for it.

And so on. The FOIA-policy insights are valuable, too.

Mauro doesn't reveal in his intro what prompted the interview -- whether Mauro, a longtime FOIA advocate, knew and started wooing Metcalfe upon Metcalfe's DOJ departure, or whether this was more spontaneous -- but whatever prompted it, it's clear that Metcalfe was ready to unload on the folks he left behind at Main Justice.
Posted at 08:31 PM
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Duke series-starter
News & Observer
Sat, April 14, 2007
Despite its wrongheaded decision to identify the Duke lacrosse case accuser (which I've commented on here and here), the Raleigh News & Observer otherwise distinguishes itself daily in its coverage of the case, as it has for many months. Today veteran legal reporter Joseph Neff kicks off a five-part series with this look at Durham District Attorney Mike Nifong's handling of the case. The piece opens with Nifong's decision almost immediately to take over the investigation from skeptical police, beginning what Neff calls a "single-minded quest to support the accuser's account, not a mission to discover the truth."

Based on an extensive review of documents and series of interviews, the series promises revelations about how the DA and his staff mishandled the case. Will it succeed? Too soon to tell. The opener is more a series of vignettes than a comprehensive narrative. As it proceeds, I'll be watching for this expert reporter-blogger's judgment (who on the plus side knows the case inside-out, but is hardly a dispassionate, neutral observer). One key handicap: Nifong didn't cooperate with the N&O's reporters -- somewhat understandably, considering he's fighting at the moment to keep his law license.

In a pair of admirably transparent disclosures, the paper provides extensive source notes on Neff's story as well as Neff's bio and the list of others in the newsroom who've worked on the series.

The N&O also notes today that Attorney General Roy Cooper will appear on "60 Minutes" on Sunday. That's disclosed amid some low-volume grumbling that Cooper hasn't deigned to speak to other (read: local) reporters beyond his press conference on Wednesday.
Posted at 08:13 AM
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Why all the fuss?
Raleigh News & Observer
Sun, April 15, 2007
Why did the Duke lacrosse case attract so much attention? That's the question a package of op-ed pieces attempts to answer in today's N&O. Mostly we get banal observations. But there are a few juicy bits:

Two "60 Minutes" producers claim credit for blowing the case wide open. Funny, I thought their excellent report was preceded by months' worth of hard-hitting reports questioning the DA's actions in the N&O, The New Yorker, National Journal, Newsweek and others. And how much original reporting, in fact, was there, as opposed to material coming from an increasingly aggressive defense team? There's no faulting the quality of the "60 Minutes" reporting or its news judgment, but the self-congratulatory hype about how exclusively it held the realization that the Duke boys were being railroaded? Come on.

Best reminder that truth should matter more than agendas, from the Poynter Institute's Keith Woods: "The story of our suspicions is woven inextricably into the fabric of our history. But today, too many of us make no distinction between undeniable fact, warped remembrance and baseless supposition. Journalists haven't much helped. While the Indignation Industry feeds on the discord it foments on the air, online and on the op-ed page, the mainstream media skate around the edges of our scariest schisms when not avoiding them altogether."

The "Don't Let This Guy Write the Case's History" award goes to Carlton Wilson, chair of the history department at N.C. Central University, who pretends to play it even-handed while signaling that the Duke students brought all of this on themselves.

This same brand of faculty cluelessness is the target of the final essay, by Durham-in-Wonderland blogger KC Johnson, himself a professor in New York, who indicts Duke's PC brigade for betraying their own students based on a lie: "Activist Duke faculty members, the kind of people who normally defend civil rights and civil liberties, instead chose to advance their personal, pedagogical or ideological agendas at the expense of their own students' well-being."
Posted at 04:23 PM
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A lawless launch
Conde Nast Portfolio
Mon, April 16, 2007
The magazine world -- even those parts of it that rarely crack open a business magazine -- has been atwitter over today's launch of Portfolio, Conde Nast's promised Fortune-with-glitz business book. I'll be able to judge it more thoroughly when it arrives in my mailbox (soon, I hope). It looks promising: big names, big ambitions, and importantly, a big budget. Based on the Web site, however, I'm disappointed how devoid of law and lawyer stories the premiere issue seems to be. Fortune, BusinessWeek, and Forbes have a steady diet of law and lawyer stories, often quite well done. Given our peculiar slant on the world, we'll be watching and hoping that when the magazine starts its regular distribution in August, it won't ignore the law beat.
Posted at 04:34 PM
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Savage nation
The Boston Globe
Tue, April 17, 2007
It’s good to see an impressive example of enterprising legal reporting win the Pulitzer in national reporting. Here’s how Charlie Savage started his Boston Globe series on the president’s use of “signing statements”:

President Bush has quietly claimed the authority to disobey more than 750 laws enacted since he took office, asserting that he has the power to set aside any statute passed by Congress when it conflicts with his interpretation of the Constitution.

Among the laws Bush said he can ignore are military rules and regulations, affirmative-action provisions, requirements that Congress be told about immigration services problems, 'whistle-blower" protections for nuclear regulatory officials, and safeguards against political interference in federally funded research.

Legal scholars say the scope and aggression of Bush's assertions that he can bypass laws represent a concerted effort to expand his power at the expense of Congress, upsetting the balance between the branches of government. The Constitution is clear in assigning to Congress the power to write the laws and to the president a duty 'to take care that the laws be faithfully executed." Bush, however, has repeatedly declared that he does not need to 'execute" a law he believes is unconstitutional.

Savage, a 31-year-old in the Globe's Washington bureau, covers the Supreme Court, the Justice Department, and Homeland Security. He’s a graduate of the now-defunct Knight Foundation journalism program at the Yale Law School. His book on presidential power is due out this fall.

In this video interview, Savage alludes to cutbacks at the Globe and in the industry generally when he says, “During this rough patch it’s very good to have a reminder that regional papers and regional newsgathering organizations have a role to play on the national stage as well. And it would be a real shame if we lost that diversity of thought in Washington.” Amen.
Posted at 08:00 AM
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Its own harsh critic
Raleigh News & Observer
Tue, April 17, 2007
The N&O’s ombudsman, Ted Vaden, assesses his paper's performance in covering the Duke case. His verdict? Not skeptical enough early enough, despite breaking important stories that contributed to the shift in attention and sympathy from the accuser to the accused. His critique is short, and not terribly detailed, but it does provide examples good and bad of the N&O's work.
Posted at 08:36 AM
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Assignment Desk: Virginia Tech aftermath
Wed, April 18, 2007
As we shift from the shock of breaking news to the emotion and analysis of the aftermath, think of all the angles that good legal reporters can — and already are beginning to -- examine:

Campus safety: What does the Clery Act require, and is it enough? The Clery Act requires universities to disclose safety threats to a campus. How quickly? What kinds? Does the law foresee what happened on Monday? Could it?

Privacy: Did teachers, students, counselors and others who were alarmed by Seung Cho’s behavior do whatever they could and should have done to prevent disaster? Do privacy laws hamper such efforts? Do we have the right balance?

Liability: How are personal injury lawyers hustling the families for business (and it’s a guarantee that’s already begun)? How are the university and its insurers working to limit their exposure (again, it’s a given that they’re responding, in part, on that basis)?

Guns: How difficult would it have been for Cho to buy his guns and ammunition on the black market rather than legally? In what ways do Virginia’s laws differ? What did the post-Columbine policy debate teach us about the available policy choices (as opposed to the obvious political stakes)?

There are a host of other legal angles beginning to bubble up — blaming video game makers, harassment of survivors by the media horde, and on and on. If reporters supply us with facts, and challenge opinions based on supposition that turns out wrong in this case, perhaps the many debates to come will help us learn, and cope.
Posted at 09:55 AM
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Hail to the chief
The Weekly Standard
Wed, April 18, 2007
Adam White, a young Baker Botts associate and former clerk to the D.C. Circuit’s David Sentelle, takes on Linda Greenhouse over her coverage of the recent Clean Air Act ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA and her analysis of John Roberts' dissent. I previously blogged about Greenhouse’s coverage of that case, but didn’t focus on the Week in Review piece that White takes issue with. (Via How Appealing)
Posted at 11:44 AM
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Lyle the magnificent
SCOTUSblog
Wed, April 18, 2007
Lyle Denniston’s ability to digest and explain the 70-page-plus opinion on partial-birth abortion regulations within minutes of its release — with such clarity and detail -- is a testament to experience, methodical preparation, and brain power that should make mere mortals quake. Here's his post. Note the time stamp, compare what he wrote to his competitors' first takes, and note how much of Denniston’s piece is a synthesis of today’s opinion versus background on the case that could be drafted in advance of the announcement.
Posted at 12:06 PM
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Full-court press
Thu, April 19, 2007
Lyle Denniston's first-day coverage of Gonzales v. Carhart wasn't just speedy, as I noted yesterday. It was the most detailed on what comes next.

To be sure, the entire Supreme Court press corps gave thorough, thoughtful treatment to the 5-4 Supreme Court decision upholding the federal ban on the abortion procedure dubbed by critics as partial-birth abortion (and by doctors as intact dilation and extraction). How Appealing does a good job of linking to them all, but the clearest, most complete stories come from David Savage, Linda Greenhouse, Robert Barnes, Tony Mauro, Jess Bravin and Jan Crawford Greenburg. They all note the Court's shift, due to Sandra Day O'Connor's replacement by Samuel Alito, and generally -- but usually only generally -- speculate on a new generation of abortion regulations and challenges. Presumably more detailed analyses will follow in the days to come.

But Denniston was in no mood to wait. After covering the news (updated here), he wrote an analysis that is more specific than the others' stories in predicting what logically follows from yesterday's decision. Denniston is not the only beat reporter providing analysis -- Dahlia Lithwick, for example, practically burns with rage as she writes about Justice Anthony Kennedy's majority decision: "His opinion blossoms from the premise that if all women were as sensitive as he is about the fundamental awfulness of this procedure, they'd all refuse to undergo it. Since they aren't, he'll decide for them." But it's Denniston's analysis that paints in the broadest historical strokes. He leads with a characterization of Carhart as "a decision that surely is on a par, historically, with Roe v. Wade." He ends with this: "More than a third of a century after Roe was decided, and with no Justice then on the Court still living, a new generation of abortion jurisprudence has arrived."
Posted at 09:11 AM
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Post mortem on Duke post mortem
Durham-in-Wonderland
Thu, April 19, 2007
Blogger-reporter-author-commentator KC Johnson's take on Joseph Neff's series in the Raleigh News & Observer (previously noted here) catalogs at least 20 revelations in Neff's "brilliant" work. It's very much inside-baseball, but  Neff's telling of it was narrative-driven, as will be the Johnson and Stuart Taylor collaboration to be published this fall.
Posted at 11:55 AM
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Carhart, day 2
Fri, April 20, 2007
It's news-analysis time for reporters covering the abortion decision in Gonzales v. Carhart. (Note that I'm staying faithful to the focus here on reporting, and ignoring the vast amount of commentary available online from experts. Links and analyses galore at SCOTUSblog and How Appealing, among many others.)

Most reporters play it traditionally, packaging experts' quotes inside the writer's defensible conclusion about the meaning of the case and the direction of abortion regulation and jurisprudence. That pretty much describes these pieces, for example, by the Post's Robert Barnes, AP's Mark Sherman, ABC's Jan Crawford Greenburg, and NPR's Nina Totenberg. They have points of view, often based on deep knowledge of the history and the players (notably Totenberg's and Greenburg's pieces).

But no one in this beat-reporter crowd matches Linda Greenhouse for the boldness of her conclusions about Carhart. Greenhouse, largely writing in her own voice rather than relying on quoted experts, focuses on the core of the Carhart decision -- how far government can go to regulate abortion to protect the woman's well-being -- and how this line of thinking was a calculated strategy by abortion opponents. The most fascinating aspect of the argument is Kennedy's concession that actual emotional or medical damage to women isn't proved conclusively, so Greenhouse jumps into the void with her own articulation of what Kennedy is saying. Kennedy suggests, says Greenhouse, "that a pregnant woman who chooses abortion falls away from true womanhood." That line is bound to drive Greenhouse's vocal critics bonkers, but it strikes me as a creative and spicy distillation of abstruse arguments -- the essence of a news analysis. It's not just the writer's opinion, but a point of view based on years of reporting to spot what's beneath the surface.
Posted at 07:59 AM
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Free press or jury tampering?
Houston Chronicle
Fri, April 20, 2007
Mary Flood reports on a fight between trial lawyers and tort reformers in Beaumont, Texas, a tort battleground of longstanding. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Institute for Legal Reform, a big-spending activist in corporations' battles against plaintiffs' lawyers, has started its own newspaper in Beaumont devoted to news about alleged litigation abuses. Flood writes that in its April 2 inaugural edition, the Southeast Texas Record -- making no mention of the U.S. Chamber's ownership -- included such headlines:
  • Hardin County man sues Bausch & Lomb, Wal-Mart for eye infection
  • House member proposes list of frivolous suits
  • Man cuts off fingers, sues church
  • Kent Patin sues Exxon Mobil over benzene exposure
On her Legal Trade blog, Flood links to coverage over a similar stink raised a decade ago -- but with the roles reversed -- when a prominent plaintiffs' lawyer started his own newspaper.

So will plaintiffs' lawyers fight speech with more speech? Not exactly. They're using the legal process to try to run the Chamber out of town, claiming its newspaper's content and distribution tactics are akin to jury tampering.
Posted at 08:20 AM
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Guilty of sketchy followup
The Wall Street Journal
Fri, April 20, 2007
Last month, a Journal front-pager by Dionne Searcey and Peter Lattman informed us that "what seemed a straightforward insider-trading case now is looking more like a spy saga." It was an intriguing and high-profile focus on claims in the impending trial of former Qwest CEO Joseph Nacchio that his knowledge of secret government contracts proved he wasn't dumping stock to avoid personal losses. I blogged about it here. The story (subscription required) is here.

Now that Nacchio's insider-trading trial has ended in Colorado -- he was found guilty yesterday of 19 counts and acquitted of 23 others -- are we informed why the Journal's frequent stories on the lengthy trial made little to no mention of the classified-evidence angle? Barely. Here's the only mention in the 20th graf of the front-page verdict story by the two original writers plus Peter Grant and Amol Sharma:

Largely absent from the trial was any evidence to support Mr. Nacchio's theory that he believed Qwest could weather mounting financial problems because lucrative secret government contracts were headed Qwest's way. Lawyers for both sides and for clandestine government agencies had spent numerous hours in closed hearings arguing over classified evidence that Mr. Nacchio wanted to use. Mr. Nacchio's lawyers filed redacted briefs objecting to the court's exclusion of at least some of the classified evidence. The matter is expected to be a major point in Mr. Nacchio's appeal.

Nice to know! It's obvious that documents and sources were hard to come by on such a topic. But then why not acknowledge that more explicitly, rather than simply keeping readers in the dark?
Posted at 09:00 AM
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Thomas: the personal side
Fri, April 20, 2007
I'll readily admit that I find Clarence Thomas endlessly fascinating. Witness this recent flareup. So I'm looking forward to reading what two Washington Post reporters, Kevin Merida and Michael A. Fletcher, have to say in their new Clarence Thomas biography. Reviewer Kenji Yoshino of the Yale Law School faults the book for going light on Thomas' legal philosophy. But Yoshino ultimately praises "Supreme Discomfort: The Divided Soul of Clarence Thomas" as a fair-minded and probing look at how both ends of the political spectrum use Thomas' race to deny him what he wants most: to be judged as an individual.

Update: The Post ran this story on April 22 adapted from the book, and focusing on lesser-known aspects of Thomas' roots in Pin Point, Georgia.

Update 2: Supreme Court scholar and writer David Garrow reviews the book in the LA Times. Garrow's take: It "veers between the insistently negative and the occasionally empathetic," ultimately suffering because of Thomas' refusal to be interviewed.
Posted at 06:17 PM
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Blame it on the nut graf
The New York Times
Sun, April 22, 2007
Exactly one year after he first absolved the Times' Duke-rape coverage of journalistic guilt, the paper's public editor, Barney Calame, weighs in again. Sounding besieged by Times critics to revisit the paper's controversial coverage of the controversial case, Calame makes one logical decision -- to focus on reporting, rather than opinion (which shields pro-prosecution sports columnists from his gaze). And he makes one lazy decision -- to single out one piece of reporting in particular. The article he chooses was, to be sure, one of the Times' most heavily attacked: the August 25, 2006, report by Duff wilson and Jonathan Glater headlined "Files From Duke Rape Case Give Details but No Answers." Calame scrutinizes none of the paper's other coverage over a year's time, which strips the critique of perspective (some of which might have been kinder to the Times).

And even when Calame criticizes the August 25 story, he does so on the narrowest and most neutral of grounds: for overselling what the reporters had turned up. Calame, essentially, lays all the blame on the nut graf, which read as follows:

By disclosing pieces of evidence favorable to the defendants, the defense has created an image of a case heading for the rocks. But an examination of the entire 1,850 pages of evidence gathered by the prosecution in the four months after the accusation yields a more ambiguous picture. It shows that while there are big weaknesses in Mr. Nifong's case, there is also a body of evidence to support his decision to take the matter to a jury.

It took National Journal's Stuart Taylor only four days to write this highly detailed and damning analysis of the story for Slate (and he noted that bloggers had beaten him to the punch). In it, Taylor methodically tore apart the Times' account of the evidence, which relied heavily on a flimsy piece of newly surfaced police work. And Stuart had this to say about the notorious nut:

A sly formulation. Whoever thought it up chose to focus on the legalistic question of whether Nifong can avoid having his case being thrown out before trial, while glossing over the more important question as to whether any reasonable prosecutor could believe the three defendants to be guilty and force them through the risk, expense, and trauma of a trial.

The rest of what he wrote -- which has proven true -- was far more damning and specific. Calame might have saved himself some time by declining the invitation to beat up on this story once more, and linked instead to Stuart's reporting. Or he might have spent more time to study the Times' coverage over the long haul.
Posted at 05:18 PM
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Sticking with a drug case
The New York Times
Tue, April 24, 2007
John Tierney wins a gold star for persistence. In his Science Times "Findings" column and on his TierneyLab blog, Tierney has kept his focus on an important trial in Virginia that tests where the line is between responsible medical treatment of pain with drugs and criminal drug trafficking. When I blogged about Tierney's coverage last month I noted how well his print story and blog coverage complemented each other. The same is true now that the case is in the hands of a jury. Tierney’s coverage is decidedly pro-defense, but it’s loaded with facts and perspective that quick-hit trial coverage so often lacks.
Posted at 09:01 AM
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Files purged of plea deals
Daily Business Review
Tue, April 24, 2007
Julie Kay spotlights a troubling trend toward court secrecy in this story about how federal court officials are purging online-accessible court records of plea agreements. The cited reason? Fear that easy access to the records aids a loathsome site called Whosarat.com, which is dedicated to revealing informants’ identities. The records largely remain public in courthouses nationwide, but putting them on the Pacer system makes them too useful to the public — or at least to the shadier elements of the public that would misuse the information. Kay reveals that court policy changed several months ago, and only now is coming to light. Before we blithely choose elimination of risk over a public justice system, we’ll count on reporters like Kay to bring the debate into the open.  
Posted at 09:25 AM
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The Spector spectacle
Thu, April 26, 2007
In what the LA Times bills as the first LA celebrity murder trial to be televised since the O.J. Simpson debacle 12 years ago, Phil Spector's trial opens with a journalistic flourish. The Washington Post's Style section features some over-the-top color commentary from William Booth and Sonya Geis, whose story opens with the words, "Another creepy and sad celebrity murder trial began here Wednesday morning," and who seem fixated on hair (the eccentric defendant is in "a blond wig cut in a pageboy style" and his prosecutor gave a "presentation . . . as crisp as the part in his hair"). Peter Hong plays it much straighter in the LA Times, but then again he has color backup: columnist Steve Lopez, who describes Spector's garb as "a knee-length suit and a shirt the color of dried blood" and "hair no one but Jean Stapleton would have left the house with." Many more words are spilled about Spector's beefy bodyguards and equally beefy New York defense lawyer, Bruce Cutler.

Oh, and by the way, the trial concerns Lana Clarkson, a woman shot in the head in Spector's gaudy home only hours after meeting the aging record producer.

It's inevitable that a strange and famous man's strange murder case will attract this sort of attention from even the best newspapers (lord knows what the tabloids are doing with it -- I don't have the stomach to check it out). I can't condemn the flowery feature treatment if it means that readers may actually dig into the details. But let's hope the writers get the adjectives out of their systems and deliver those details as the trial continues.
Posted at 10:29 AM
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Bloviate this
The New York Times
Sat, April 28, 2007
TV writer Alessandra Stanley makes this sarcastic plea that Alec Baldwin stick with his acting day job on the TV show "30 Rock." Baldwin, trying to repair his image after gossip reporters picked up on an abusive voice mail he left for his young daughter, warned that he may leave TV to promote his ideas on fixing a dysfunctional divorce system. "He was looking to persuade," Stanley wrote of Baldwin's appearance on "The View," "but was mostly painful to watch — a little like Captain Queeg melting down on the witness stand in 'The Caine Mutiny.'" It's easy to mock actors with public-policy pretensions. Baldwin's nickname bestowed by The New York Post says it all: the Bloviator. But before we bury Baldwin in scorn -- and without forgiving him for his behavior toward a child -- it might behoove us to listen to what he has to say about divorce law. He's not exactly alone in his frustration over a system that seems to send many good people off the deep end. But he occupies a public place that many angry divorced parents lack, and a popular forum that policymakers only dream of. Let him use it to start a thoughtful conversation about needed reforms.
Posted at 08:26 AM
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Why the number of jury trials should worry us
The New York Times
Mon, April 30, 2007
Adam Liptak ends his Sidebar column today (TimesSelect subscription required) with this revelation:

I was on jury duty last week, in a state criminal court in Manhattan. During the orientation on Wednesday, a court officer, with mixed pride and hyperbole, said his was the busiest courthouse in America.

I never saw so much as the inside of a courtroom. After a couple of days of milling around in an assembly room with more than 100 other potential jurors, the State of New York thanked us for our service and sent us home.

Sound like news? Not exactly. But in Liptak’s hands, the experience turns into a useful look at legal scholarship on the decline of jury trials and what that means to justice and democracy. It’s fashionable to mock legal scholars and their writing. But if we could always count on Liptak to serve as their interlocutor, we might learn something.
Posted at 08:13 AM
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